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GSS 1972-2021 Cumulative Datafile - Release 3b

Government Responsibility

helppoorshould govt improve standard of living?
Text of this Question or Item 
309. I'd like to talk with you about issues some people tell us 
are important. Please look at card BC. Some people think that 
the government in Washington should do everything possible to 
improve the standard of living of all poor Americans; they are 
at point 1 on this card. Other people think itis not the 
government's responsibility, and that each person should take 
care of himself; they are at point 5. a. Where would you place 
yourself on this scale, or haven't you made up your mind on 
this?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 helppoor
1
government should help		 2
 3
agree with both		 4
 5
people should care for themselves		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 30.0
434		 10.2
147		 35.8
518		 10.7
155		 13.4
194		 -
42		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 17.5
268		 15.4
236		 41.2
631		 14.1
215		 11.8
180		 -
63		 -
0		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 18.0
253		 11.4
160		 47.3
666		 14.7
207		 8.7
123		 -
53		 -
0		 -
11		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 18.7
267		 12.7
181		 45.9
657		 11.7
168		 11.0
157		 -
36		 -
0		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 22.4
395		 12.5
220		 43.0
757		 12.2
215		 9.9
175		 -
46		 -
0		 -
11		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 17.6
171		 13.1
127		 45.4
441		 12.2
118		 11.7
114		 -
24		 -
484		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 17.0
170		 15.4
154		 44.5
445		 14.1
141		 8.9
89		 -
34		 -
502		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 19.2
168		 15.3
134		 44.2
387		 12.7
111		 8.6
75		 -
23		 -
473		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 17.4
171		 16.7
164		 44.2
435		 13.4
132		 8.3
82		 -
29		 -
500		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 12.7
131		 13.8
142		 48.7
501		 14.1
145		 10.6
109		 -
25		 -
549		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 13.0
252		 13.8
268		 44.8
870		 16.4
318		 12.0
232		 -
58		 -
981		 -
13		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 13.4
248		 12.5
231		 47.1
871		 16.0
297		 11.0
204		 -
67		 -
979		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 13.0
239		 13.0
240		 44.4
818		 17.1
316		 12.5
230		 -
62		 -
921		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 14.4
263		 13.0
237		 43.1
786		 17.0
309		 12.5
227		 -
65		 -
921		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 17.3
154		 10.7
95		 47.3
420		 13.0
115		 11.7
104		 -
23		 -
1,853		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 17.1
148		 10.1
87		 47.4
410		 14.3
124		 11.1
96		 -
11		 -
1,936		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 18.8
369		 10.4
204		 46.7
915		 13.3
261		 10.7
209		 -
30		 -
2,521		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 20.0
267		 12.6
168		 42.6
568		 14.0
187		 10.7
143		 -
31		 -
658		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 16.9
226		 11.3
151		 44.6
597		 14.8
198		 12.5
168		 -
32		 -
667		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 16.4
212		 11.2
145		 44.8
580		 14.0
181		 13.6
176		 -
40		 -
636		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 16.7
273		 12.8
210		 42.4
695		 14.7
241		 13.4
219		 -
48		 -
851		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 18.3
345		 14.9
281		 42.5
802		 15.2
287		 9.1
172		 -
61		 -
913		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 17.2
261		 14.5
220		 45.6
692		 12.2
186		 10.5
160		 -
44		 -
785		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 25.6
675		 12.7
335		 39.3
1,035		 12.4
327		 9.9
261		 -
10		 -
1,373		 -
0		 -
16		 100.0
4,032
COL TOTAL 18.0
6,360		 12.9
4,537		 44.0
15,497		 14.1
4,954		 11.1
3,899		 -
957		 -
32,527		 -
99		 -
16		 100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
helpnotshould govt do more or less?
Text of this Question or Item 
310. Please look at card BD. Some people think that the 
government in Washington is trying to do too many things that 
should be left to individuals and private busienss; they are at 
point 5 on this card. Others disagree and think that the 
government should do even more to solve our country's problems; 
they are at point 1. a. Where would you place yourself on this 
scale, or haven't you made up your mind on this?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 helpnot
1
government should do more		 2
 3
agree with both		 4
 5
government does too much		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 26.8
371		 11.6
161		 31.3
433		 12.5
173		 17.7
245		 -
104		 -
0		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 13.3
198		 11.8
175		 38.7
574		 18.9
280		 17.4
258		 -
110		 -
0		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 14.9
204		 13.4
184		 39.2
537		 17.6
241		 14.9
204		 -
79		 -
0		 -
24		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 13.0
180		 13.3
185		 43.6
604		 16.5
228		 13.6
189		 -
81		 -
0		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 19.2
328		 15.2
260		 38.5
657		 14.1
241		 12.9
220		 -
104		 -
0		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 14.6
137		 14.7
138		 41.9
392		 15.1
141		 13.7
128		 -
60		 -
484		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 13.9
134		 15.3
147		 40.6
390		 16.5
159		 13.6
131		 -
72		 -
502		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 14.0
118		 16.0
135		 43.1
364		 15.7
133		 11.2
95		 -
54		 -
473		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 14.8
139		 15.8
149		 41.9
395		 15.7
148		 11.8
111		 -
70		 -
500		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 13.6
138		 15.4
156		 39.6
401		 16.0
162		 15.3
155		 -
39		 -
549		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 12.4
235		 14.3
271		 37.4
709		 18.9
358		 17.1
325		 -
98		 -
981		 -
15		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 12.6
229		 13.1
239		 39.7
722		 17.8
324		 16.7
304		 -
100		 -
979		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 11.2
202		 12.8
231		 41.5
749		 18.8
339		 15.6
282		 -
105		 -
921		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 11.9
213		 12.6
226		 39.6
709		 18.5
331		 17.5
313		 -
95		 -
921		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 14.6
129		 10.5
93		 48.8
431		 13.9
123		 12.2
108		 -
27		 -
1,853		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 16.1
137		 10.1
86		 44.7
381		 14.4
123		 14.8
126		 -
22		 -
1,936		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 17.5
339		 10.3
199		 44.4
859		 14.9
288		 12.9
250		 -
51		 -
2,521		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 17.3
226		 13.3
174		 41.2
539		 13.4
175		 14.8
194		 -
53		 -
658		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 15.6
205		 12.6
165		 37.9
498		 14.4
189		 19.6
257		 -
58		 -
667		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 15.4
199		 11.4
147		 41.1
530		 13.3
171		 18.8
242		 -
45		 -
636		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 13.8
223		 10.7
174		 38.5
624		 15.9
258		 21.1
342		 -
65		 -
851		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 17.7
329		 11.3
210		 40.6
754		 14.7
273		 15.7
292		 -
92		 -
913		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 15.5
231		 14.7
219		 43.2
644		 13.9
207		 12.7
190		 -
68		 -
785		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 20.7
539		 14.8
386		 37.4
977		 12.2
319		 14.9
388		 -
10		 -
1,377		 -
0		 -
36		 100.0
4,032
COL TOTAL 15.6
5,383		 13.1
4,510		 40.2
13,873		 15.6
5,384		 15.5
5,349		 -
1,662		 -
32,531		 -
118		 -
36		 100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
helpsickshould govt help pay for medical care?
Text of this Question or Item 
311. Look at card BE. In general, some people think that it is 
the responsibility of the government in Washington to see to it 
that people have help in paying for doctors and hospital bills; 
they are at point 1. Others think that these matters are not the 
responsibility of the federal government and that people should 
take care of these things themselves; they are at point 5. a. 
Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven't you 
made up your mind on this?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 helpsick
1
government should help		 2
 3
agree with both		 4
 5
people should care for themselves		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 36.6
532		 12.9
188		 29.1
423		 7.9
115		 13.4
195		 -
31		 -
0		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 26.8
413		 19.5
300		 32.7
504		 10.5
162		 10.5
161		 -
53		 -
0		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 24.6
347		 19.1
269		 35.9
506		 12.5
176		 7.9
111		 -
40		 -
0		 -
24		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 29.2
416		 20.5
292		 32.4
462		 11.5
164		 6.5
93		 -
36		 -
0		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 30.9
549		 19.9
353		 34.4
610		 7.9
141		 6.8
121		 -
39		 -
0		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 27.2
264		 22.0
214		 35.5
345		 8.7
85		 6.6
64		 -
21		 -
484		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 31.1
314		 22.9
231		 30.7
310		 7.7
78		 7.6
77		 -
21		 -
502		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 30.5
266		 26.3
229		 31.0
270		 7.7
67		 4.5
39		 -
26		 -
473		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 32.3
321		 25.2
250		 27.3
271		 9.4
93		 5.8
58		 -
20		 -
500		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 28.9
297		 22.8
234		 32.4
332		 9.6
98		 6.3
65		 -
23		 -
549		 -
8		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 25.9
503		 21.6
420		 31.9
620		 11.2
217		 9.5
185		 -
53		 -
981		 -
13		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 27.7
518		 21.6
403		 33.3
622		 10.6
198		 6.7
126		 -
51		 -
979		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 25.6
473		 22.9
423		 33.0
610		 10.0
185		 8.5
158		 -
56		 -
921		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 29.5
539		 22.0
402		 32.0
586		 10.6
194		 6.0
109		 -
57		 -
921		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 32.0
287		 19.5
175		 34.3
308		 7.2
65		 7.0
63		 -
13		 -
1,853		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 32.4
280		 20.3
175		 31.7
274		 7.6
66		 8.0
69		 -
11		 -
1,936		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 33.9
665		 18.7
367		 32.3
634		 8.5
166		 6.7
132		 -
25		 -
2,521		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 35.4
471		 18.9
252		 28.9
384		 9.4
125		 7.4
99		 -
32		 -
658		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 30.3
402		 16.9
224		 31.8
422		 10.7
142		 10.3
136		 -
45		 -
667		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 29.6
384		 17.6
228		 31.6
410		 11.8
153		 9.4
122		 -
39		 -
636		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 25.1
412		 19.0
311		 32.5
533		 10.7
175		 12.7
209		 -
46		 -
851		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 31.0
587		 19.2
364		 31.6
599		 10.0
190		 8.2
156		 -
55		 -
913		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 34.6
528		 20.0
306		 29.3
448		 8.4
129		 7.7
117		 -
33		 -
785		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 34.9
917		 17.9
471		 30.2
793		 8.6
227		 8.3
219		 -
4		 -
1,377		 -
1		 -
23		 100.0
4,032
COL TOTAL 30.2
10,685		 20.0
7,081		 31.9
11,276		 9.7
3,411		 8.2
2,884		 -
830		 -
32,531		 -
125		 -
23		 100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
helpblkshould govt aid blacks?
Text of this Question or Item 
312. Now look at card BF. Some people think that 
(blacks/negroes/African-Americans) have been discriminated 
against for so long that the government has a special obligation 
to help improve their living standards; they are at point 1. 
Others believe that the government should not be giving special 
treatment to (blacks/negroes/African-Americans); they are at 
point 5. a. Where would you place yourself on this scale, or 
haven't you made up your mind on this?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 helpblk
1
government should help		 2
 3
agree with both		 4
 5
no special treatment		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 16.6
240		 8.7
126		 21.5
311		 12.4
179		 40.9
592		 -
40		 -
0		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 7.9
120		 9.9
151		 26.6
406		 21.1
322		 34.5
527		 -
66		 -
0		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 9.7
136		 9.8
137		 31.4
439		 17.7
248		 31.4
439		 -
51		 -
0		 -
23		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 8.4
120		 9.8
140		 29.4
420		 18.2
260		 34.1
487		 -
39		 -
0		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 15.8
278		 11.6
204		 29.4
519		 15.8
279		 27.5
485		 -
46		 -
0		 -
8		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 7.7
74		 10.3
99		 29.6
285		 17.9
172		 34.6
333		 -
30		 -
484		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 9.0
90		 9.7
97		 27.9
278		 19.1
190		 34.3
342		 -
36		 -
502		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 10.5
139		 10.4
138		 34.2
452		 16.6
220		 28.3
374		 -
46		 -
0		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 10.6
104		 11.5
113		 31.7
311		 19.3
189		 26.9
264		 -
32		 -
500		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 7.4
75		 10.3
105		 32.6
333		 21.3
217		 28.4
290		 -
30		 -
549		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 8.5
164		 7.5
146		 30.1
584		 24.0
465		 29.9
581		 -
60		 -
981		 -
11		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 8.4
155		 8.8
163		 29.8
552		 23.9
443		 29.1
539		 -
63		 -
979		 -
10		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 6.8
124		 10.6
194		 32.2
591		 21.8
399		 28.7
526		 -
70		 -
921		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 9.8
176		 9.6
173		 33.2
598		 20.1
361		 27.3
492		 -
81		 -
921		 -
15		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 8.5
76		 8.1
72		 31.7
282		 19.9
177		 31.8
283		 -
20		 -
1,853		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 7.7
66		 7.2
62		 32.4
278		 18.4
158		 34.3
295		 -
12		 -
1,936		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 10.7
209		 7.5
147		 34.0
662		 18.7
365		 29.0
565		 -
37		 -
2,521		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 9.6
125		 8.2
107		 33.6
440		 19.3
253		 29.3
383		 -
50		 -
658		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 9.4
124		 8.7
115		 30.6
405		 20.1
266		 31.2
412		 -
49		 -
667		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 7.3
93		 9.1
117		 30.7
394		 18.0
231		 34.9
447		 -
47		 -
636		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 9.2
150		 8.9
145		 31.1
505		 18.1
293		 32.6
529		 -
58		 -
851		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 13.1
246		 11.7
220		 32.4
608		 19.8
371		 22.9
430		 -
72		 -
913		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 15.7
235		 12.6
188		 34.0
507		 16.9
253		 20.8
310		 -
61		 -
785		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 21.5
560		 15.6
407		 26.1
679		 12.1
315		 24.6
641		 -
11		 -
1,382		 -
3		 -
34		 100.0
4,032
COL TOTAL 10.9
3,879		 10.1
3,566		 30.6
10,839		 18.7
6,626		 29.8
10,566		 -
1,107		 -
32,063		 -
166		 -
34		 100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
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